Inflammation in amebiasis and its modulation by the Autonomic Nervous System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56183/iberotecs.v4i1.640Palavras-chave:
interaction, Entamoeba histolytica, macrophages, neutrophils, cholinergic, adrenergic.Resumo
Neuroimmune regulation of inflammation is only beginning to be explored in depth. In the case of amebiasis, the inflammatory process prompted by E. histolytica has been well characterized, but the modulation of this process by neurotransmitters is not as well defined. Regarding the inflammatory process, it is known that neutrophils and macrophages are important cellular effectors in the host defense against E. histolytica. The production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, INF-γ and TNF-α) and anti- inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) is triggered by the activation of Toll-Like Receptors and two types of transcription factors: 1) nuclear factor kappa-light-chain- enhancer of activated B cells, and 2) activator of transcriptions: Toll-Like Receptors and these transcription factors are in turn modulated by the action of three neurotransmitters of the autonomous nervous system acetylcholine, adrenaline and noradrenaline that can activate cholinergic and adrenergic receptors of immune cells, and thus modify the inflammatory process induced by the parasite. A vagotomy of the liver of hamsters inoculated with E. histolytica induces a stronger response in tissues through a more abundant formation of collagen, together with an increase in the levels of IL-10 and INF- γ and a decrease in macrophages, which impedes the dissemination of trophozoites.
Referências
WHO/PAHO/UNESCO report. A consultation with experts on amoebiasis. Mexico City, Mexico 28- 29 January, 1997. Epidemiol Bull. marzo de 1997;18(1):13-4.
Lowther SA, Dworkin MS, Hanson DL. Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. junio de 2000;30(6):955-9.
Aguilar-Rojas A, Olivo-Marin JC, Guillen N. The motility of Entamoeba histolytica: finding ways to understand intestinal amoebiasis. Curr Opin Microbiol. 4 de agosto de 2016;34:24-30.
Zhu J, Wang T, Chen L, Du H. Virulence Factors in Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Microbiol. 2021;12:642484.
Mortimer L, Chadee K. The immunopathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica. Exp Parasitol. noviembre de 2010;126(3):366-80.
Nagaraja S, Ankri S. Utilization of Different Omic Approaches to Unravel Stress Response Mechanisms in the Parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018;8:19.
Chávez-Munguía B, CastaÑÓN G, HernÁNdez-RamÍRez V, GonzÁLez-LÁZARO Món, TalamÁS-Rohana P, MartÍNez-Palomo A. Entamoeba histolyticaelectrondense granules secretion in vitro and in vivo: Ultrastructural study. Microsc Res Tech. 1 de febrero de 2012;75(2):189-96.
Espinosa-Cantellano M, Martínez-Palomo A. Pathogenesis of Intestinal Amebiasis: From Molecules to Disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. abril de 2000;13(2):318-31.
Ventura‐Juarez J, Campos‐Esparza MR, Pacheco‐Yepez J, López‐Blanco JA, Adabache‐Ortíz A, Silva‐ Briano M, et al. Entamoeba histolytica induces human neutrophils to form NETs. Parasite Immunology. 1 de agosto de 2016;38(8):503-9.
Anaya-Velázquez F, Padilla-Vaca F. Virulence of Entamoeba histolytica: a challenge for human health research. Future Microbiol. marzo de 2011;6(3):255-8.
Villalobos-Gómez FDR, García-Lorenzana M, Escobedo G, Talamás-Rohana P, Salinas-Gutiérrez R, Hernández-Ramírez VI, et al. Entamoeba histolytica L220 induces the in vitro activation of macrophages and neutrophils and is modulated by neurotransmitters. Acta Parasitol. 26 de junio de 2018;63(2):270-9.
Talamás-Rohana P, Schlie-Guzmán A M, Hernández-Ramírez I V, Rosales-Encina JL. T-cell suppression and selective in vivo activation of TH2 subpopulation by the Entamoeba histolytica 220-kilodalton lectin. Infection and Immunity. 1995;63((10)):3953-8.
Bekker-Mendez VC1, Pérez-Castillo VL, Rico-Rosillo MG, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Arellano-Blanco J, Kretschmer-Schmid RR, et al. Downregulation of selected cytokines in amebiasis. Arch Med Res. 2006;37(4):556-8.
Rosas-Ballina M, Tracey KJ. The neurology of the immune system: neural reflexes regulate immunity. Neuron. 15 de octubre de 2009;64(1):28-32.
Akira S. Toll-like receptor signaling. J Biol Chem. 3 de octubre de 2003;278(40):38105-8.
Takeuchi O, Akira S. Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell. 19 de marzo de 2010;140(6):805-20.
Mogensen TH. Pathogen recognition and inflammatory signaling in innate immune defenses. Clin Microbiol Rev. abril de 2009;22(2):240-73, Table of Contents.
Takeda K, Akira S. Toll-like receptors in innate immunity. Int Immunol. enero de 2005;17(1):1-14.
Buwitt-Beckmann U, Heine H, Wiesmüller KH, Jung G, Brock R, Akira S, et al. TLR1- and TLR6- independent recognition of bacterial lipopeptides. J Biol Chem. 7 de abril de 2006;281(14):9049-57.
Kawai T, Akira S. The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition. Int Immunol. abril de 2009;21(4):317-37.
Woods DC, White YAR, Dau C, Johnson AL. TLR4 activates NF-κB in human ovarian granulosa tumor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 17 de junio de 2011;409(4):675-80.
Albensi BC, Mattson MP. Evidence for the involvement of TNF and NF-kappaB in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Synapse. febrero de 2000;35(2):151-9.
Freudenthal R, Locatelli F, Hermitte G, Maldonado H, Lafourcade C, Delorenzi A, et al. Kappa-B like DNA-binding activity is enhanced after spaced training that induces long-term memory in the crab Chasmagnathus. Neurosci Lett. 20 de febrero de 1998;242(3):143-6.
Meffert MK, Chang JM, Wiltgen BJ, Fanselow MS, Baltimore D. NF-kappa B functions in synaptic signaling and behavior. Nat Neurosci. octubre de 2003;6(10):1072-8.
Hou Y, Mortimer L, Chadee K. Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase 5 binds integrin on colonic cells and stimulates NFkappaB-mediated pro-inflammatory responses. J Biol Chem. 12 de noviembre de 2010;285(46):35497-504.
Didonato J.A, Mercurio F., Karin M. NF-KB and the link between inflammation and cancer. Immunological Reviews. 2012;(246):379-400.
Silva CM. Role of STATs as downstream signal transducers in Src family kinase-mediated tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 18 de octubre de 2004;23(48):8017-23.
Yang XO, Panopoulos AD, Nurieva R, Chang SH, Wang D, Watowich SS, et al. STAT3 regulates cytokine-mediated generation of inflammatory helper T cells. J Biol Chem. 30 de marzo de 2007;282(13):9358-63.
Subramaniam A, Shanmugam MK, Perumal E, Li F, Nachiyappan A, Dai X, et al. Potential role of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathway in inflammation, survival, proliferation and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta. enero de 2013;1835(1):46-60.
Levy DE, Lee C kuo. What does Stat3 do? J Clin Invest. mayo de 2002;109(9):1143-8.
Cruz-Vera J, Clara L, Hernández-Kelly R, Alfredo Méndez J, Pérez-Salazar E, Ortega A. Collagen- induced STAT family members activation in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 12 de diciembre de 2003;229(2):203-9.
Moonah SN, Abhyankar MM, Haque R, Petri WA Jr. The macrophage migration inhibitory factor homolog of Entamoeba histolytica binds to and immunomodulates host macrophages. Infect Immun. 2014;82(9):3523-30.
Navegantes KC, de Souza Gomes R, Pereira PAT, Czaikoski PG, Azevedo CHM, Monteiro MC. Immune modulation of some autoimmune diseases: the critical role of macrophages and neutrophils in the innate and adaptive immunity. J Transl Med [Internet]. 15 de febrero de 2017 [citado 29 de agosto de 2020];15. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5312441/
Ravdin JI, Guerrant RL. Role of adherence in cytopathogenic mechanisms of Entamoeba histolytica. Study with mammalian tissue culture cells and human erythrocytes. J Clin Invest. noviembre de 1981;68(5):1305-13.
Amulic B, Cazalet C, Hayes GL, Metzler KD, Zychlinsky A. Neutrophil function: from mechanisms to disease. Annu Rev Immunol. 2012;30:459-89.
Brinkmann V, Laube B, Abu Abed U, Goosmann C, Zychlinsky A. Neutrophil extracellular traps: how to generate and visualize them. J Vis Exp. 2010;(36).
Vergara MC. Síndromes Autoinflamatorios. Revista Chilena de Reumatología. 2008;24:((4)):206-11.
Brinkmann V, Laube B, Abu Abed U, Goosmann C, Zychlinsky A. Neutrophil extracellular traps: how to generate and visualize them. J Vis Exp. 2010;(36).
Helk E, Bernin H, Ernst T, Ittrich H, Jacobs T, Heeren J, et al. TNFα-Mediated Liver Destruction by Kupffer Cells and Ly6Chi Monocytes during Entamoeba histolytica Infection. PLoS Pathog. 3 de enero de 2013;9(1):e1003096.
Denis M, Chadee K. Cytokine activation of murine macrophages for in vitro killing of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Infect Immun. junio de 1989;57(6):1750-6.
Pacheco-Yépez J, Galván-Moroyoqui JM, Meza I, Tsutsumi V, Shibayama M. Expression of cytokines and their regulation during amoebic liver abscess development. Parasite Immunol. enero de 2011;33(1):56-64.
Salata RA, Murray HW, Rubin BY, Ravdin JI. The role of gamma interferon in the generation of human macrophages cytotoxic for Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. Am J Trop Med Hyg. julio de 1987;37(1):72-8.
Chawla A, Nguyen KD, Goh YPS. Macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic disease. Nat Rev Immunol. noviembre de 2011;11(11):738-49.
Geissmann F, Manz MG, Jung S, Sieweke MH, Merad M, Ley K. Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Science. 5 de febrero de 2010;327(5966):656-61.
Liu G, Yang H. Modulation of macrophage activation and programming in immunity. J Cell Physiol. marzo de 2013;228(3):502-12.
Martinez FO, Helming L, Gordon S. Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective. Annu Rev Immunol. 2009;27:451-83.
Corre D, A M, Rojas López M. Activación alternativa del macrófago: la diversidad en las respuestas de una célula de la inmunidad innata ante la complejidad de los eventos de su ambiente. InmunologÝa (1987). 2007;73-86.
Mosser DM. The many faces of macrophage activation. J Leukoc Biol. febrero de 2003;73(2):209- 12.
Campbell D, Chadee K. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha responses during Entamoeba histolytica liver abscess development in gerbils. J Infect Dis. mayo de 1997;175(5):1176- 83.
Sternberg EM. Neural regulation of innate immunity: a coordinated nonspecific host response to pathogens. Nat Rev Immunol. abril de 2006;6(4):318-28.
Cuenca-López, M.D, Segura, T., Galindo, M.F, Antón-Martínez D, Agulla, J, Castillo, J, et al. La inflamación como agente terapéutico en el infarto cerebral: respuesta inflamatoria celular y mediadores inflamatorios. Reviste de Neurología. 2010;6:349-59.
Tortora JG, Derrickson B. Principios de Anatomía y Fisiología. 11 ed. México.: Médica Panamericana; 2006.
Gahring LC, Osborne AV, Reed M, Rogers SW. Neuronal nicotinic alpha7 receptors modulate early neutrophil infiltration to sites of skin inflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 12 de julio de 2010;7:38.
Grando SA. Cholinergic control of epidermal cohesion. Exp Dermatol. abril de 2006;15(4):265-82.
Kurzen H, Berger H, Jäger C, Hartschuh W, Näher H, Gratchev A, et al. Phenotypical and molecular profiling of the extraneuronal cholinergic system of the skin. J Invest Dermatol. noviembre de 2004;123(5):937-49.
Ley S, Weigert A, Brüne B. Neuromediators in inflammation--a macrophage/nerve connection. Immunobiology. octubre de 2010;215(9-10):674-84.
Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M, Yang H, Botchkina GI, Watkins LR, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature. 25 de mayo de 2000;405(6785):458-62.
Dhabhar FS, Malarkey WB, Neri E, McEwen BS. Stress-induced redistribution of immune cells--from barracks to boulevards to battlefields: a tale of three hormones--Curt Richter Award winner. Psychoneuroendocrinology. septiembre de 2012;37(9):1345-68.
Flierl MA, Rittirsch D, Nadeau BA, Sarma JV, Day DE, Lentsch AB, et al. Upregulation of phagocyte- derived catecholamines augments the acute inflammatory response. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(2):e4414.
Grisanti LA, Woster AP, Dahlman J, Sauter ER, Combs CK, Porter JE. Adrenergic Receptors Positively Regulate Toll-Like Receptor Cytokine Production from Human Monocytes and Macrophages. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. agosto de 2011;338(2):648-57.
Giraldo E, Multhoff G, Ortega E. Noradrenaline increases the expression and release of Hsp72 by human neutrophils. Brain Behav Immun. mayo de 2010;24(4):672-7.
Gosain A, Gamelli RL, DiPietro LA. Norepinephrine-mediated suppression of phagocytosis by wound neutrophils. J Surg Res. abril de 2009;152(2):311-8.
Bugajski A, Zurowski D, Thor A, Gadek-Michalska A. Effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and cholinergic agents in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007;335-47.
Dunn AJ, Swiergiel AH. Effects of Acute and Chronic Stressors and CRF in Rat and Mouse Tests for Depression. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1 de diciembre de 2008;1148(1):118-26.
Berczi I, Bertók L, Chow DA. Natural immunity and neuroimmune host defense. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;917:248-57.
Vallés AS, Borroni MV, Barrantes FJ. Targeting Brain α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease: Rationale and Current Status. CNS Drugs. 24 de septiembre de 2014;
Del Rey A, Chrousos G, Besedovsky HO. Neuroendocrinology of Inflammatory Disorders. In The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis,. Neuroimmune Biology" Webster Marketon, JI & Sternberg, EM. 2008;7:321-50.
Bancos S, Stevens DL, Tyner KM. Effect of silica and gold nanoparticles on macrophage proliferation, activation markers, cytokine production, and phagocytosis in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:183-206.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Fabiola del Rocío Villalobos-Gómez, Javier Ventura-Juárez, Mario García-Lorenzana, Anastacio Palacios-Marmolejo
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
